Drawing attention to the importance of commercial
activity and the refusal of “entrepreneurship” and profit by the religion of
Islam, in the emergence of which the contradictions of the deprived and nomadic
Bedouins with the more wealth and sedentary city dwellers proved influential
and in the spread of which “the middle class Meccaen traders” played a special
role, was one of the reasons for its patronage by the ruling classes of that
and the later periods. While the Caliph Sultans used religion in order to
strengthen their positions, the religious establishments were in accord with
the sultans through “religious office and authorities.” The rulers of ‘Islamic
countries’ used the influence of Islam over the peoples of Asia
in order to steer and direct these societies, and turned it into a sort of
ideology of “Asian Feudalism.”
The Ottoman rulers at
the beginning pursued an attitude which regarded the West as “infidels” and
“Frankish.” However, this status did not prevent the Ottomans into getting into
the relations of dependence with Western capitalism. The first of those with
which relations were established were French capitalists. In the 19th
century, collaboration and cooperation firstly with the British and then the
Germans were undertaken. Mine extraction, the building of ports, and the
installation of railways were all assigned to Western imperialist forces,
having been granted great privileges. Under also the influence of this relation
established with Western capitalism, in the main port cities as well as other
major cities such as Istanbul, Izmir, Izmit-Bursa capitalist
entrepreneurship began to acquire pace
A Suggestion for the Alliance of Forces of Democracy Struggle in Turkey
28.3.2007
When the
democratisation of Turkey is
considered as the major problem of Turkey; it can be seen that two
major problems of the 84-years-history of the Republic and democratisation are
the Kurdish question and laicism issue and it is clear that the Republic has
been unsuccessful in the solution of these problems. That is why, some military
and civil forces present themselves as “the guardian and protector of the
Republic” and they obtain economic and political rent. Moreover, the tension
and irresolvable situations created by these forces that benefit from the
turbidity constructed through the terms like republic, democracy, freedom
reveals that the Republic has been unsuccessful. In effect, freedom of
expression and press, freedom of organisation have also been repressed with the
help of the tension created through the Kurdish question and laicism issue (the
threat of the Shari’a); the issue of freedoms has been presented as the ruse of
“separatism” and external forces threatening Turkey.
Bush sustained a defeat on the "by- election"
11.11.2006
This
will be very influential on foreign politics of USA, especially developments
about Iraq's occupation more than internal politics of USA. Bush, who failed in
the Middle East, in Iraq, was sustained a defeat on elections in his own
country.
